Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in all living cells that serves as a critical electron carrier in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. It functions as both a substrate and coenzyme in metabolic redox reactions, cycling between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms. In laboratory research environments, NAD+ is studied for its role as a co-substrate for sirtuin deacetylases (SIRT1-7), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and cyclic ADP-ribose synthases (CD38/CD157). These enzyme families are central to DNA repair signaling, chromatin remodeling, calcium signaling, and metabolic regulation pathways under investigation in preclinical models. Experimental research has examined NAD+ bioavailability dynamics, biosynthetic pathway regulation (de novo, Preiss-Handler, and salvage pathways), and age-associated decline in cellular NAD+ levels using in-vitro and in-vivo experimental systems. Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol CAS: 53-84-9 This product is supplied at 1000mg for laboratory research applications. Not for human consumption.